Use of e-cigarettes was associated with higher odds of ever or current cigarette smoking, higher odds of established smoking, higher odds of planning to quit smoking among current smokers, and, among experimenters, lower odds of abstinence from conventional cigarettes
Level of recommendation: strong.18,4850 Varenicline To date, a single study has been carried out that shows the efficacy and safety of using this medication to aid smoking cessation in patients who are not willing to make a serious attempt to quit smoking.51 It was found that varenicline increased the attempts and motivation to quit smoking and a non-significant trend towards greater success of smoking cessation was observed.51 Taking these data into account, it is understood that the use of varenicline as treatment for the progressive reduction of smoking in smokers with COPD is a consistent recommendation with low quality evidence
For synthesis, studies were grouped based on whether they reported OST cessation, reduction, or both, and further categorized by intervention type and setting
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