NRF2 expression was markedly decreased in NSC-34 motor neuron cells transfected with the human SOD1 G93A gene, leading to significantly increased levels of MDA, GSH, and ROS, along with reduced expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4
That was achieved by measuring brain oxidative stress biomarkers, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and HO-1 levels with an assessment of brain histopathology and determining the immunohistochemical caspase-3 as an apoptotic marker of brain tissue
In people with major depressive disorder and a chronic physical condition, mitochondrial ATP production decreases in muscle cells.[ref] Another post-mortem study on the brains of patients with depression, bipolar, or schizophrenia showed a specific mitochondrial protein (NDUFS7) involved in ATP production decreased significantly in patients with bipolar disorder.[ref] Ketogenic diet: A ketogenic diet is very low in carbohydrates, which causes a shift in the way that mitochondria produce energy
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