glutathione peroxidase antioxidant properties Defense mechanisms of antioxidants. e-: electron; GPxs: Concerted action of Glutathione peroxidase-1,

FAD acts as a coenzyme for GR and helps transfer electrons from NADPH to oxidised glutathione disulfide (GSSG), thus generating reduced glutathione (GSH)

Scaling brain size, keeping timing: evolutionary preservation of brain rhythms

8 In light of the established pathophysiological mechanisms outlined in previous sections, we systematically evaluate existing diagnostic modalities for DPN and propose novel biomarkers that may enhance early detection and clinical management

Clomiphene citrate induces a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse, leading to the secretion of gonadotropin from the anterior pituitary gland [11]