3.2.4 Developmental and drug-induced microbiome disruption Disruptions to the gut microbiome during early development or the initial phases of psychiatric illness may influence the trajectory of mental disorders (Lavebratt et al., 2019) reported that early-life antibiotic exposure is linked to modestly increased risks for several childhood psychiatric disorders, including mood disorders, suggesting sensitive developmental windows for microbiome perturbations (Lavebratt et al., 2019)
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It has been reported that mouse peritoneal resident and Bacillus CalmetteGuerin-activated macrophages and human monocytes are capable of utilising glutamine at high rates, contain sufficient activity of the enzymes required to convert glutamine to citrulline (and subsequently citrulline to arginine via enzymes of a partial urea cycle) to account for observed rates of nitrite synthesis (which in turn is derived from derived from NO) in the absence of extracellular l-arginine, and will release nitrite when exposed to intermediates of the proposed glutamine arginine pathway (Reference Murphy and Newsholme26)
Maity, S., Nag, N., Chatterjee, S., Adhikari, S
